A Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

Thermotropic liquid crystal additives with melting points below perovskite processing temperatures avoid co-precipitation and enable spatially uniform defect passivation, yielding certified 21.1% stabilized efficiency at 31 cm² aperture area and T86 of 1200 h under ISOS-D-3 damp-heat conditions.

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Recommended citation: Yang, Y.; Liu, C.; Ding, Y.; Ding, B.; Xu, J.; Liu, A.; Yu, J.; Grater, L.; Zhu, H.; Hadke, S.; Sangwan, V.; Bati, A. S. R.; Hu, X.; Li, J.; Park, S. M.; Hersam, M.; Chen, B.^*; Nazeeruddin, M.^*; Kanatzidis, M. G.^*; Sargent, E. H.^* A Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules. Nature Energy 2024, 9 (3), 316–323.
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